Site
Located in the heart of the city of Fayoum, Egypt between the Nile Delta and Upper South-west of Cairo distance of one hundred kilometers and is one of the oases in the Republic and is a microcosm of the Sea, Egypt, where Joseph is gaining and delta and represents the northern coastal Lake Karun .. The Fayoum of the most important tourist areas in Egypt, where they accumulate in which all elements of the tourist attractions which is characterized by the beauty of nature and its mild weather all year, has appeared in civilizations of pre-history, which left their mark immortal through the Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Coptic, Islamic and an area of 6068.70 square kilometers and consists of six stations management is (Fayoum - Sonoras - Etsa - Tamia - Ebshiway - Prophet Yusuf).
Space
Fayoum Governorate is located in Western Sahara in the south west of Cairo and at a distance of 90 km and is one of the provinces of the North level which is surrounded by desert on all sides except the south-east, where related to the governorate of Beni Suef .. The total area has 6068.70 square km.
Geology
Fayoum is one of the provinces north of level 00 and related to Beni Suef to the south-east, 45 km, and bordered to the north of Giza at a distance of 85 km and is considered a low-Fayoum A reducers Egypt's main which is a cavity recessed in configurations Miocene, which will disappear under the geological formations latest relates to the low Nile through the slot Agon where intervention canal Bahr Yusuf A branch canal Ibrahimeya of the Nile at Dayrout to Fayoum to be the only source which supplies the Fayoum water (9.1 billion m 3) to tend to the decline in the level of +26 m at Agon to the level - 42 m the coast of Lake Karun
Is different from the rest of low-Fayoum Reducers in the population that Amer and he tells the Nile water and silt from the fertile soil which is transferred to low with the Nile water
It also brought together all of the properties, making the geographers call it: Egypt Minor
Is low only in Egypt, which includes agricultural and natural environments as the desert has a natural salt water lake and ancient and artificial lakes and tortured his
Terrain
Fayoum descended low from south to north in 3 main halls are:
Listed first: Agon from Aqueduct to the city of Fayoum (5.22 m)
Second runway: the city of Fayoum to the village of Sanhour (-10 m)
Third runway: Saint Catherine of Sanhour even to the shores of Lake Karun (-43 m)
Climate
Enjoy the province of Fayoum climate is hot and dry rare rain winter with sunshine To the world, reaching temperatures between 1.28 and 29 in July - In winter, temperatures range from the Great between 11 and 17 and a low of 4 and 10 degrees in January, and average annual rainfall is about 17 mm - which indicates that the Fayoum few rainy winters, dry summers
Have affected large bodies of water and the low level of the surface in some areas to below zero in the climate of much of Fayoum to the point of excellence than others, even if she shared the same degree of supply
Tourist areas in Fayoum Governorate
First natural reserves in the Fayoum
Wadi Rayan
Located in the southwestern part of the province of Fayoum, comprises the Wadi El Rayan from the lake, upper, and the lake bottom, and the waterfalls, which connects the lakes, and the eyes of Al Rayyan south of the lake bottom, and the Jebel Al Rayan, a region surrounding the eye, and the Mount retained, which is located near the lake bottom.
And is characterized by its own environment and the Wadi El Rayan, including integrated desert of sand dunes and the eyes of normal and various plant life and animals, as well as a variety of marine fossils, as are the waterfalls of various sea sports
There are reserve, 15 species of wild animals the most important (white deer - Egyptian deer - Fennec Fox - Fox
Sand - the wolf) and there are also several kinds of hawks.
Lake Karun
Lake Karun in the northwestern part of the province of Fayoum and is one of the oldest natural lakes in the world, a remnant of ancient Lake Morris, and is characterized by the presence of protected geological formations are important scientifically and historically, and by groups of plant variety
And are flocking to a lot of migratory birds and resident, has been the discovery of fossil mammals park dating back to about 10 million years ago, also appeared in fossils the oldest monkey in the world and some trees are fossilized, and there are some archeological sites in ancient Egyptian, Romanian, Coptic (such as the church - the Temple of goldsmiths - Temple Palace Karun -) as well as having some of the plant and animal fossils.
Wadi whales
Is the valley of whales within the protected area of Wadi Rayan, which covers an area of 1759 km in Fayoum, 150 kilometers from Cairo, Egypt, and in the year 2005 was rated the Valley of the Whales as a World Heritage named by UNESCO as the best World Heritage areas of the skeletons of whales.
Valley is famous for whale sharks the existence of a full excavation was filled with the region 40 million years ago when the valley was located under the ocean a huge addition to the many marine fossils can be seen in the museum open to visitors, which allows the possibility of seeing whales and not compromising them for protection.
Discovered
The discovery of fossils and the Valley of the Whales in 1903 by the world, however, Hill through biological survey in Egypt has found fossils of whale known as Albasplosors Isis, which reaches a length of 18 meters and the whale Alldoryoron Atrox a slimmer has been defined as types of new whale in the Natural History Museum in London in 1902.
In 1989, discovered the team consisting of archaeologists and Egyptian Alomrikiyan first Aenja water to the structure of the whale Albasalosoros and Alldorjordn Otrox Bergelha and feet small, and in 1996 was the discovery of a whale another is a length of 5 meters is the whale Achirnos Simmons In 2006 the discovery of the first fossils of marine mammals one of the ancestors of the elephant known as Berathirm In 2007 was named the whale with a length of 10 meters as Masua Setse Markjrev, has the mission team mapping more than 400 whales and seals in the valley
Scholars have stressed that the valley of the whales is an exceptional site for the study of ancient life because of the large number of fossils of high quality up to more than 400 fossils of the skeletons of whales, were also found fossils for a bride to the sea and sharks and marine life again, and depicting the activity of these organisms that lived more than 400 million years old and way of life and land animals transferred from animals to freely and the region is the most numerous and focused and the quality of the fossil compared to other sites. As well as its presence in the logic of the protected attraction and is of great importance as world heritage.
Is also the Valley of the Whales natural environment of animals threatened with extinction, such as deer and white Egyptian deer, fox funk and Fox sand and the wolf, migratory birds, rare, such as Falcon and Saqr al-Ghazal and Falcon free and punishment Alencary and other types of migratory birds such as annua p ducks, quail and Altflq and annua p herons and the goats and others. And wild plants such as: Aqool - zygoghyllum - Acol - rush - the jungle - reeds - Algrdq - Halfa, and other
Breaks in the Valley Alehitanokd was a prelude to the Medkat and a dirt road length of 38 km and the demarcation of the roads leading to the valley and secured and the number of signs and the provision of toilets and a cafeteria offering products reflect the valley, visitors can acquired have been used materials place such as clay, silt and ropes Till date palm in the making of signboards and outline ways within the valley and on the location of structures whales. As has been the work of the structure of a small whale shark Albasilosors and teeth, and the preparation of a museum open to display the whales in an excellent way to allow visitors to see and not compromised in the same.
The most important archaeological monuments and shrines Pharaonic Fayoum
The effects of pre-dynastic era
Gerzh area was found by the cemetery is the last phase of pre-dynastic period.
The effects of age of first and second families
Tarkhan is considered one of the effects of first and second families, where they were found on the cemetery of the two families I and II, and a large terrace from the era of the first family has a facade of brick, and a small cemetery of the First Dynasty.
The effects of the era of the Third Dynasty
Sila and the pyramid is located on the eastern edge of the Fayoum facing low to rupees village east of Fayoum was not fully disclosed, which is different in design from the traditional pyramid is based on high and has a runway, due to the Third Dynasty.
The effects of the Middle Kingdom
Temple of the palace chapel, is located 8 km north of Lake Karun, a building of limestone and sandstone and contains the palace of seven compartments, and an area of about 180 meters, is located in the south of the cemetery of the Middle Kingdom.
The Cayman Persia (Orsenauy) (constructed) is out of the city of Fayoum old and was founded in the era of the Fifth Dynasty, and flourished in the era of the family of 12 was established by King Amenemhat the Third Temple of God, casting and named it (built) and then called (Orsenauy) in honor of his wife, and located within the city Fayoum district, university and was an area of 220 acres of this is the ruins of the widest known from the remains of Egyptian cities, is located to the north of the city's main synagogue of the Middle Kingdom, as found by the Alyathar includes a statue of Amnhat third of black granite, and the papyri, and bronze coins, and Clay Figurine .. The Antiquities Authority has an inventory of what now remains of these effects and enclosed by fencing.
Obelisk of Senusret
An existing 13 m high granite top and round the hole to install a crown or a statue of King .. Set up by King Senusret I of the kings of the family of 12 to commemorate the start of conversion of agricultural land to the Fayoum has been moved from its originallocation in the village of Fayoum Abjeej to the entrance of the city of Fayoum in 1972.
Pyramid of Hawara
Located in the village of Hawara on the 9 km southeast of the city of Fayoum and built this pyramid of brick and encased in from abroad, with limestone and with a rising 58 meters and the length of each side 100 meters have been succeeded Petrie in 1889 to enter the pyramid and get to the burial chamber, which consists of the mass of one huge Alkuartset of stone and weighing up to 110 tons and has no door but the thieves were able to access it through a hole in the roof and stole the most important Mavera was built the pyramid of King Amenemhat III of Dynasty 12 .. The area includes the surrounding pyramid set of effects, including a cemetery and the remains of Princess Nfruptah Palace Allabernt and cemeteries of the Late Period, which was found on the Fayum portraits.
Ruins of the city's past
Located about 35 km southwest of the city of Fayoum near Manor reagent South Sea girls and includes the ruins of the temple from the age of the family of 12 was built by King Amnhamat the third and fourth, then added to Firefox in the Roman era, where it was put by the statues of black with severed heads, and is the largest temple of the rest of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt .. And can be accessed from the Fayum to Abu Jendar Sea and then to the girls and then to the temple.
Palace Allabernt
Is the temple of Amenemhat III, and no region of Hawara, was built adjacent to the Pyramid of Hawara and was a 12-lobby lounge are all covered, six of which are heading north and six heading south and have gates correspond to each other completely, and takes the whole building one wall and there was the building are two types of rooms half underground and half on the surface of the earth, and the estimated number of such rooms with 300 rooms, closets and the lower the tomb of the king and the sacred crocodile belts, and no remains of this effect so far only the effects of some of the columns did not reveal the top floor of the basement yet.
Tomb of Princess Navarro Petah
Place prior to the pyramid of Hawara about 1.5 km on the canal Bahr Yusuf, a tomb built of limestone has the Ark of the granite has been moved to the Antiquities Authority, was found in this cemetery on the table and offerings, and three jars of pure silver, necklace value of Princess Navarro Ptah, son of King Amenemhat III.
Pyramid Agon
Building of brick and was clad in limestone and has a height of 48 Mitrotoul with a base 106 meters and is entered on the south side and the builders of King Senusret II of the Twelfth Dynasty, and away from the city of Fayoum, 22 km meters and was a building above the high hill high as 12 Mtraokd open this pyramid by the English scientist William 1889, Flinders Petrie found within the golden cobra the only one who was placed over the crown royal which is the Egyptian Museum and was also detected for the tomb of Princess Sat Hathor is still next to the pyramid and the treasures of this Museum, the Egyptian princess.
The area comprises a pyramid Agon archaeological sites the following:
* Agon Cemetery: Located near the pyramid tomb of the pyramid architect (ENPI) 9 In the south terraces were the graves of family members, including the royal cemetery Sat Anhorat Oaont.
* City workers Agon: - Located on the pyramid of Senusret II and due importance in the country, it is the oldest Egyptian clear-cut.
* Mokt cemetery - a cemetery in the village of Agon to a person named Mokt family of 12.
Bases of the second statue Amnhamat
Located rules Alambnatin limestone village Bihmu at a distance of 7 km from the city of Fayoum, King Amenemhat II ordains Khadtan Mnhottin in quartz for two statues of himself and his wife to overlook the old Lake Morris (Korah), and was a high statues 30 meters and a height of each Rule 4 meters.
The effects of the Ptolemies
Won the Fayoum in the reign of the Ptolemies great care in the economic, agricultural, and in the era Greek work of Ptolemy II on land reclamation and drainage of Lake Karun, where the new villages, such as Dimip lions north of Lake Karun and Karanis and Sonoras and the gear and belly Ahrat and the short girls and short Karun, and called on the region name Orsenauy proportion to the sister of Ptolemy and in the Roman era the country has witnessed a state of prosperity that lasted more than two centuries, which led to the prosperity of the city Orsenauy and the new villages, such as Tmines (Tamia) and Iboxah .. However, the situation has deteriorated at the end of the third century AD to the Almighty and the Ptolemies increasing taxes and the deterioration of morality and oppression of the people which led to the extinction of some cities such as Philadelphia and Karanis.
Belly Ahrat
Are the ruins of a village north-west of Fayoum was established in the Ptolemaic period was found on the inscriptions and papyri.
Effects of the Greek and Romanian, which are in the province of Fayoum:
* City Karanis city or the effects of tamarisk ruins of the city of Philadelphia Dimip of wild animals.
* Belly Ahrat Cayman Fares temple of the city's past or Albraijat Palace Temple Karun.
City of Karanis
Located on the Cairo-Fayoum desert at a distance of 33 kilometers from the Fayoum, 109 kilometers from Cairo, the city dates back to the third century BC. And continued in the fifth century and the Coptic era and the dawn of the Islamic era, and includes the remains of two temples were dedicated to the worship of the god Sobek (crocodile), the God of the region, also includes a Roman bath and a group of houses, and there are graves on the opposite side of the city.
The effects of Philadelphia
Established in the third century BC and said in Greek papyri as a center of revelation and prophecy of the gods Amon and Isis .. The loss includes the effects of some estates, such as Greek Apollonius, and there are traces of the cities of Fayoum and Theodlvia Aémraa.
Ruins of the city Dimip lions (Sknuvallos)
Located 3 km north of Lake Karun, a town Sknuvallos ancient Greek and the remnants of the Greek Era, was the city start their course of convoys to the south and desert oases .. And the effects of a small temple of stone walls of the box and still the walls of the city as a temple and roads still remain.
Temple Palace Karun (Deonceas)
Located on the southwestern edge of Lake Karun, 50 km from the city of Fayoum is still the temple retains all its details and general form and decorated entrance disk of the sun also adorn the entrances fees outstanding, was founded the city of Deonceas in the third century, and flourished in the Roman era, and the region remains of a fortress Dqlattiyan.
Or Albraijat (Tbtons)
Located 30 km south west of Fayoum near the village of Qasr brave and was on the beach of Lake Morris old (Korah) was the Temple days, the family of 12 and flourished in Alasraleonany include the effects of the temple and the city or Albraijat ROMANIAN excavation had uncovered recently by the remains of her temple ancient.
